Nocompany today can research veery relevant discipline the way IBM and AT&T did during the 1970s and early 1980s. The advantage now oftrn goes to companies most adept at choosing technologies, not to the companies that create them. A company's approach to technology integration must fit its capabilities and local culture. In introspect, it's clear that haphazard technology integration never worked well. Japanesr integrator tend to favor incremental improvements or refinements of familiar technologies. Inadequate investment in manufacturing capacity was not to blame for the decline of the U.S. semiconductor industry.A temendous capacity for experimentation allowed U.S. teams to investigate many technologies simultanously.