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  <title>A bottom-up approach for productivity measurement</title>
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   <placeTerm type="text">Bradford?</placeTerm>
   <publisher> Emerald Group Publishing</publisher>
   <dateIssued>2013</dateIssued>
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  <extent>p. 387 - 406</extent>
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 <note>Purpose - The steady incline in oil prices combined with the recent credit crisis and downturns in financial markets has driven organizations to re-evaluate their manufacturing processes and bottom line. The purpose of this paper is to suggest a bottom-up approach that may be used by firms in planning, managing and forecasting productivity improvements. Design/methodology/approach - A multiple-case study approach was used: two comprehensive cases and seven short cases were used to illustrate the model. Findings - The lack of understanding of the relationship between productivity, profitability and performance has led to the application of piece-meal solutions for problems in productivity. Bottom-up approach in improving productivity will provide better results than top-down approach. Originality/value - This paper describes the bottom-up approach which has been successfully used for managing productivity improvement initiatives.&lt;br&gt;</note>
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 <identifier type="isbn">17410401?</identifier>
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  <physicalLocation>Perpustakaan - Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen PPM Pusat Informasi Manajemen</physicalLocation>
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