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  <title>Reviews without a purchase</title>
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  <place>
   <placeTerm type="text">Chicago</placeTerm>
   <publisher>American Marketing Association</publisher>
   <dateIssued>June 2014</dateIssued>
  </place>
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  <extent>p. 249 - 269</extent>
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 <note>The authors document that approximately 5% of product reviews on a large&#13;
 private label retailer's website are submitted by customers with no &#13;
record of ever purchasing the product they are reviewing. These reviews &#13;
are significantly more negative than other reviews. They are also less &#13;
likely to contain expressions describing the fit or feel of the items &#13;
and more likely to contain linguistic cues associated with deception. &#13;
More than 12,000 of the firm's best customers have written reviews &#13;
without confirmed transactions. On average, these customers have each &#13;
made more than 150 purchases from the firm. This makes it unlikely that &#13;
the reviews were written by the employees or agents of a competitor and &#13;
suggests that deceptive reviews may not be limited to the strategic &#13;
actions of firms. Instead, the phenomenon may be far more prevalent, &#13;
extending to individual customers who have no financial incentive to &#13;
influence product ratings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] &lt;br&gt;</note>
 <note type="statement of responsibility"></note>
 <classification></classification>
 <identifier type="isbn">00222437</identifier>
 <location>
  <physicalLocation>Perpustakaan - Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen PPM Pusat Informasi Manajemen</physicalLocation>
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  <recordCreationDate encoding="w3cdtf">2014-06-21 00:00:00</recordCreationDate>
  <recordChangeDate encoding="w3cdtf">2014-06-21 00:00:00</recordChangeDate>
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