For the new edition Dr. Aguinis reviewed over 2,000 new articles and books to incorporate more than 250 new sources in the revision.

The new edition highlights the role of context within which performance management takes place.

The fourth edition describes the key “strategic partner” and “internal consultant” role played by the HR function in the design and implementation of the performance management system.

There is an emphasis on the changing nature of work and organizations, including globalization, technology and Big Data, team work, and demographics (e.g., generational differences), and how these changes affect the design and implementation of performance management systems.

This fourth edition emphasizes that knowledge generated regarding performance management is essentially multidisciplinary.

This edition emphasizes the important interplay between science and practice.

This edition describes the technical aspects of implementing a performance management system in detail, and, in addition, emphasizes the key role that interpersonal and social dynamics play in the process.

This edition includes new “Company Spotlights” boxes in each chapter featuring The Gap, Sears, Yahoo, Adobe, United States Department of Defense, Discover, Google, Airbnb, Sprint, Xerox, Deloitte, GE, and many others.

This fourth edition includes two new hands-on “Exercises” at the end of each chapter—for a total of 22.

This new edition also includes two case studies at the end of each chapter, also for a total of 22.